达玛如

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日期：2010-9-14 来源：中音在线编辑：李老师浏览次数：

导语：740)this.width=740" border=undefined> 　　达玛如，藏族、蒙古族棰击膜鸣乐器。藏语又称达如、达日。蒙古语称丹不楞儿、布楞儿。汉族称法鼓、拨浪鼓。流行于西藏、内蒙古自治区藏传佛教寺院中。　　历史久远，其形近似古代无柄鼗鼓。是一种无木柄的小型双面细腰拨浪鼓，但异于内地流传的拨浪鼓。鼓体由两个底部对接、中腰相通的碗形腔体组成(图)。旧时，藏族地区多两个人的头盖骨制作，在其底部中央钻孔，用胶粘固于木制的环形联结体上。有的寺院还象牙制作，选取整块牙料雕琢成形。蒙古族地区藏传佛教寺院中的丹不楞儿，则多使用紫木或红木制作。鼓体大小不等，规格尺寸不一。较大者，鼓面直径20厘米～30厘米，鼓厚(两个碗形鼓腔)10厘米～12厘米，多为木制。较小者，鼓面直径7厘米～10厘米、鼓厚7厘米～8厘米，多为人头骨或象牙制。小达玛如的两端鼓面，均蒙以墨绿色羊皮(将皮膜浸泡于铜锈与酸类物质溶液中进行着色)；大达玛如则蒙以牛犊皮或猪皮。鼓身多涂以棕、红或绿色漆。鼓腰(木制联结体)左右两侧各系一条皮绳或丝

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